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station this is houston are you ready

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houston station and uh i'm ready for the

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event

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united states coast guard academy this

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is mission control houston please call

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station for a voice check

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station this is united states coast

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um

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okay

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coast guard academy international space

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station i've got you loud and clear dr

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addressing

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dan great to hear your voice

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for our schools this is professor ron

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anderson of the coast guard academy

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broadcasting from the richard friedman

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studios from our beautiful waterfront

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campus in new london connecticut it is

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my honor and privilege to introduce to

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you a 1985 graduate of the coast guard

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academy a retired coast guard pilot

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academy engineering professor and nassar

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astronaut captain daniel burbank dan

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well first off i'd like to uh to

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congratulate you on doing the mentoring

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program that you're doing i think it's

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fantastic that institutions like the

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coast guard academy

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take it

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as a as a task for them to to start to

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mentor and reach out to kids in schools

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all around the country and get them

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inspired to pursue careers in science

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technology engineering and math

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we need those kinds of skills in the

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coast guard we need those kinds of

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skills and all the services we need

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those kinds of skills throughout

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skills throughout industry in the united

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states

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and i can tell you firsthand we

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certainly need those kinds of skills

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here in the space program and onboard

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the international space station

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thank you dan for this event hundreds of

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school kids in four different cities

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competed for the honor to ask captain

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dan burbank a question he will be

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answering questions from students up and

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down the east coast and now to the

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questions our first will be from a new

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school that after only four years is

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making a huge educational difference in

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captain burbank to you and the other

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five astronauts on the international

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space station a huge hello from

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friendship academy of engineering and

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technology

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in baltimore maryland

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captain as a general overview what types

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of experiments do you do on the space

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in general the categories of experiments

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we do on space station range from basic

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science physical sciences combustion

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research fluid

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physics research for example to apply

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technology investigation so we've got

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some things that not necessarily

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categorized as scientific investigations

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but have to do with how to keep a

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functioning space station operating and

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in low-earth orbit how to keep crews

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healthy so we we're working to close the

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environmental control support system

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loop for example to allow us to leave

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low earth orbit and go to up to places

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in deep space

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we also do a lot of biological

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experiments to support that same kind of

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pursuit so

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onboard space station a lot of the

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research we're doing and in our case for

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the six months we're here it's well over

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100 experiments that we're going to be

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conducting

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a lot of that research is

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we're operating as subjects we're

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operating as investigators or

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co-investigators with researchers on the

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ground and

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we are we're learning as much as we can

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about how to keep humans healthy and

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safe and how to

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basically offset the adverse effects of

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being a microgravity and some of those

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things have a lot of applicability to

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life on earth as well for folks

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that are uh that are bedridden for folks

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that are that are aged and these kinds

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of things that you learn right here also

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have applicability there

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our next question is from an amazing

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all-girls school in atlanta georgia

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hello to the crew of the iss from the

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coretta scott king young women's

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leadership academy in atlanta georgia

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captain what recent nasa resources

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researches or inventions might help with

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okay that's these are these are great

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questions and that's a particularly good

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one and it's very timely in this day and

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age uh some of the research we're doing

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including in some of the research in the

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racks that are off to the left side of

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your field of view right now

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actually answer some questions about

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fundamental processes and combustion

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when we're here in low earth orbit

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orbiting in the space station we can

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essentially isolate the gravitational

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effects that that influence or produce

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convection

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that that cloud

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a lot of the science of combustion

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research on planet earth and we can do

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it on fairly large scale here we can

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suspend droplets of fuel completely

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independent of the gravitational effects

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independent of any structure around them

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and very precisely

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study how the combustion process unfolds

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and it's helping us on the one hand

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design better fuel systems better fire

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suppressant systems for spacecraft but

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it's also helping us to understand at a

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very fundamental level how to make the

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combustion process uh cleaner so that we

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can produce few we can we can

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essentially combust fuels on planet

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earth and do so without polluting the

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environment and perhaps do so more

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efficiently than we could otherwise do

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another thing we we're doing up here

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which i think also would help a lot with

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usage of earth's resource sources is

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the closed cycle the closed loop life

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support experiments that i alluded to on

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the first question and essentially what

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we're trying to do is remove the

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dependency on resupplies to bring us you

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know vehicles like the space shuttle for

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example to bring us water for example if

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we can reclaim as much of the water that

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we exhale as water vapor the water that

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we that we

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through normal processes uh through

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urination uh get rid of instead of

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throwing that away if we can reclaim it

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and process it just like you would in a

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in a very very capable um

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sewage processing system on planet earth

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if we can do that on a smaller scale

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here in space then we can greatly

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increase our ability

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to use water more effectively on planet

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earth and also to leave low earth orbit

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so for every pound of stuff that's on

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on space station right now it takes

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about 20 to 25 pounds

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of high explosive in the form of rocket

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propellant to get it up to low earth

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orbit and so it's very very expensive to

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get me here took an awful lot of fuel to

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get the water that we in in past years

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have brought aboard to drink and to uh

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through electrolysis breakdown into

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oxygen for us to breathe to bring that

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um through space shuttles or other kind

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of cargo vehicles it's a very expensive

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proposition in fact it would be a game

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changer it would be a show stopper if we

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were going to leave low earth orbit go

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to mars you could not do it that way

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so if we can figure out a way to very

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very carefully

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process the waste products here onboard

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space station and we're pretty

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successful at doing that right now and

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recycle that then it has applicability

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on planet earth as well it's very very

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difficult to d to do desalinization for

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example and to take water that's um

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that's undrinkable and make it drinkable

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and this technology we have here right

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now is being used in a lot of third

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world countries and disaster zones on

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small scales to basically provide a very

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good very effective reverse osmosis

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means to purify water

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our next question is from the maritime

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academy of science and technology in

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beautiful virginia key just off downtown

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hello from mass academy in miami captain

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is there a research on the iss today

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that you can see having a lasting impact

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on the way we do things like the way

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steve jobs changed our lives with the

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great question those kinds of things

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things that are

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that

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radically change the way we live often

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are unpredictable and the the work that

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we're doing on space station right now

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hasn't generated that level of uh of a

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change um but it's the kind of thing

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where you're as you're doing various

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research and investigations it's the

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kind of things the aha moments the wow

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that's kind of funny i didn't expect

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that those kinds of results and they're

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very very difficult to predict so

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there's a lot of research going on right

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now literally hundreds of experiments

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and already hundreds have been done on

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space station it's not just work done by

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the six crew members out on board space

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station it is in fact done by thousands

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of people all around the world and when

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we're sleeping a lot of work is also

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being done so that data is being

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collected and we're all very hopeful

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that a lot of very important things will

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come out of it but right now we're

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living on a frontier and this is a

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difficult thing to do it's difficult to

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keep humans alive here it's difficult to

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keep equipment functioning here so we're

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very happy to do all those things and

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also try to push the frontier a little

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back up north our first

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question from an incredible local school

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of stem magnet high school in new london

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connecticut

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hello captain we are from the science

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and technology magnet high school of

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southeast connecticut

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we read that a new spectrometer has been

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added to the space station by using this

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machine to analyze cosmic rays have you

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discovered anything new about

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and this kind of goes back to that last

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question as well lots of data has been

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gathered millions of particles galactic

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cosmic rays and antimatter particles

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have been gathered by the alpha magnetic

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spectrometer it's going to take a long

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time and a lot of processing of that

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data to be able to to figure out the

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kinds of questions the big questions

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that that that machine is designed to

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answer specifically when we look at at

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space most of what we see is actually a

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small fraction all the things that glow

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stars and things like that are things

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that shine with reflected light all of

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those are very very small subsection of

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of the matter of of uh of our universe

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so dark matter is roughly two-thirds or

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three-quarters of what of what we would

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consider as as fundamental matter simply

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you know made of baryons made of the

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kinds of things that we're made of so a

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lot of it just doesn't shine it doesn't

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shine at all we don't know why the ams

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will help us answer that but beyond that

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there's still another vast majority of

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the constituents of the universe that we

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would call

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dark energy and we don't even know the

280
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nature of that so it's an important

281
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experiment but it's going to take an

282
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and one to the second question from

283
00:11:04,230 --> 00:11:02,389
captain do you think there could be

284
00:11:05,910 --> 00:11:04,240
earth-like life on one of the planets

285
00:11:11,430 --> 00:11:05,920
orbiting a star that's visible in the

286
00:11:15,430 --> 00:11:13,350
there's a lot of great experiments going

287
00:11:17,190 --> 00:11:15,440
out right now by by other vehicles

288
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kepler for example is one of them and a

289
00:11:20,790 --> 00:11:18,959
lot of research being done by

290
00:11:23,110 --> 00:11:20,800
observatories on the ground run by

291
00:11:24,710 --> 00:11:23,120
people all around the world and i think

292
00:11:26,870 --> 00:11:24,720
when you just look at the numbers to me

293
00:11:29,110 --> 00:11:26,880
it's highly likely that there is going

294
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to be many earth-like planets orbiting

295
00:11:32,790 --> 00:11:31,040
stars that are very similar to our sun

296
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and many of those planets will be in

297
00:11:36,790 --> 00:11:34,880
what we would call the habitable zone

298
00:11:38,550 --> 00:11:36,800
there are hundreds of millions of stars

299
00:11:40,470 --> 00:11:38,560
in the milky way galaxy and hundreds and

300
00:11:42,630 --> 00:11:40,480
hundreds of millions of galaxies in the

301
00:11:44,389 --> 00:11:42,640
universe a known universe so i think

302
00:11:45,829 --> 00:11:44,399
it's highly likely there will be but

303
00:11:48,069 --> 00:11:45,839
it's going to take a long time to find

304
00:11:49,990 --> 00:11:48,079
them i think

305
00:11:53,110 --> 00:11:50,000
continuing south we have question number

306
00:11:55,269 --> 00:11:53,120
two from atlanta

307
00:12:03,829 --> 00:11:55,279
a really practical question how do

308
00:12:07,910 --> 00:12:05,829
i think i missed the question if you

309
00:12:10,389 --> 00:12:07,920
could repeat that please

310
00:12:16,870 --> 00:12:10,399
so a really practical question

311
00:12:21,190 --> 00:12:19,670
okay how do we do laundry on the iss

312
00:12:23,509 --> 00:12:21,200
in a word we don't

313
00:12:25,350 --> 00:12:23,519
right now we don't and that's something

314
00:12:27,430 --> 00:12:25,360
that there's been some work done already

315
00:12:29,030 --> 00:12:27,440
on the ground to to to work towards that

316
00:12:30,790 --> 00:12:29,040
goal but it's a really difficult thing

317
00:12:32,470 --> 00:12:30,800
to do taking a shower up here is not a

318
00:12:34,550 --> 00:12:32,480
practical thing to do as well so we

319
00:12:37,030 --> 00:12:34,560
clean ourselves essentially by taking a

320
00:12:38,389 --> 00:12:37,040
sponge bath if you will and that works

321
00:12:40,629 --> 00:12:38,399
and it even works for six months you'd

322
00:12:43,030 --> 00:12:40,639
be surprised uh but the clothing we

323
00:12:44,870 --> 00:12:43,040
essentially have new clothing and we

324
00:12:46,389 --> 00:12:44,880
pack it efficiently or the people on the

325
00:12:48,310 --> 00:12:46,399
ground to pack it efficiently and send

326
00:12:50,150 --> 00:12:48,320
it to us but but we don't change clothes

327
00:12:51,990 --> 00:12:50,160
quite as often as you do on the ground

328
00:12:53,190 --> 00:12:52,000
and we don't have a practical means to

329
00:12:54,790 --> 00:12:53,200
clean it and it's probably not an

330
00:12:56,629 --> 00:12:54,800
effective use of our time i think right

331
00:12:58,310 --> 00:12:56,639
now

332
00:13:00,949 --> 00:12:58,320
dan i pictured your clothes hanging on

333
00:13:04,790 --> 00:13:00,959
the treadmill on to question two from

334
00:13:08,550 --> 00:13:06,870
captain is the iss involved in the

335
00:13:10,470 --> 00:13:08,560
aeronomy of ice in the mesophyll

336
00:13:17,190 --> 00:13:10,480
research and do you think this research

337
00:13:20,870 --> 00:13:19,269
yeah the the aim mission

338
00:13:22,870 --> 00:13:20,880
is

339
00:13:25,030 --> 00:13:22,880
designed to investigate what we call

340
00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:25,040
noctilucine clouds or night shining

341
00:13:30,629 --> 00:13:28,160
clouds also called polar meso mesosphere

342
00:13:32,069 --> 00:13:30,639
clouds and i don't think that anybody at

343
00:13:34,389 --> 00:13:32,079
this point fully understands the

344
00:13:36,230 --> 00:13:34,399
mechanism and how these work from space

345
00:13:38,069 --> 00:13:36,240
station we can see them we image them we

346
00:13:41,269 --> 00:13:38,079
send those images to the ground and that

347
00:13:42,949 --> 00:13:41,279
contributes uh to projects like aim but

348
00:13:45,189 --> 00:13:42,959
we don't specifically have any any

349
00:13:47,509 --> 00:13:45,199
direct tasking to do that

350
00:13:49,189 --> 00:13:47,519
polar meso mesophyric clouds are a

351
00:13:50,790 --> 00:13:49,199
relatively

352
00:13:52,389 --> 00:13:50,800
new phenomenon at least they're more

353
00:13:53,910 --> 00:13:52,399
frequent now than they had been in years

354
00:13:56,230 --> 00:13:53,920
and you know years past and whether

355
00:13:58,389 --> 00:13:56,240
that's tied to global climate change is

356
00:14:00,790 --> 00:13:58,399
really i think unclear at this point

357
00:14:02,710 --> 00:14:00,800
it's very interesting it's they're very

358
00:14:04,150 --> 00:14:02,720
beautiful to see and we take a lot of

359
00:14:05,509 --> 00:14:04,160
imagery of them and we send it to the

360
00:14:06,949 --> 00:14:05,519
ground

361
00:14:10,230 --> 00:14:06,959
and we're back to connecticut for

362
00:14:12,230 --> 00:14:10,240
question number two from new london

363
00:14:15,030 --> 00:14:12,240
hey captain i'm cj parker and this is

364
00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:15,040
kyrie kader and our question is sir

365
00:14:18,069 --> 00:14:16,240
there been any

366
00:14:19,670 --> 00:14:18,079
experiments on the assets involving

367
00:14:25,509 --> 00:14:19,680
non-human animals and what might fisher

368
00:14:28,470 --> 00:14:26,949
there has i don't know a lot about the

369
00:14:30,470 --> 00:14:28,480
details of them we've had spiders up

370
00:14:32,870 --> 00:14:30,480
here and we've studied how

371
00:14:34,629 --> 00:14:32,880
the effects of weightlessness

372
00:14:36,550 --> 00:14:34,639
influence their construction of spider

373
00:14:38,550 --> 00:14:36,560
webs for example

374
00:14:40,389 --> 00:14:38,560
i imagine there are some plans down the

375
00:14:41,509 --> 00:14:40,399
road to right now on board space station

376
00:14:43,670 --> 00:14:41,519
we don't have any there are not any

377
00:14:45,910 --> 00:14:43,680
specific plans towards that depending on

378
00:14:48,389 --> 00:14:45,920
your definition of animals we do to a

379
00:14:50,389 --> 00:14:48,399
degree and have done a lot of studies of

380
00:14:53,269 --> 00:14:50,399
microbial life for example for some

381
00:14:54,389 --> 00:14:53,279
reason and it's not entirely clear a lot

382
00:14:56,949 --> 00:14:54,399
of

383
00:14:59,030 --> 00:14:56,959
microbes become more virulent and more

384
00:15:00,310 --> 00:14:59,040
hazardous to humans in a weightless

385
00:15:02,230 --> 00:15:00,320
environment it may have to do with the

386
00:15:03,829 --> 00:15:02,240
radiation of space it may have to do

387
00:15:07,269 --> 00:15:03,839
with weightlessness i'm not sure that we

388
00:15:08,870 --> 00:15:07,279
know entirely but for example

389
00:15:10,550 --> 00:15:08,880
salmonella there were studies done on

390
00:15:12,550 --> 00:15:10,560
salmonella up here and the fact that

391
00:15:14,550 --> 00:15:12,560
salmonella would change in the space

392
00:15:16,629 --> 00:15:14,560
environment and you could compare that

393
00:15:18,550 --> 00:15:16,639
you know the the uh the salmonella from

394
00:15:20,150 --> 00:15:18,560
space to salmonella on the ground

395
00:15:22,069 --> 00:15:20,160
allowed researchers on the ground to

396
00:15:23,990 --> 00:15:22,079
identify the gene that was different the

397
00:15:26,389 --> 00:15:24,000
controlling gene effect you know that

398
00:15:28,870 --> 00:15:26,399
effectively uh you know resulted in that

399
00:15:30,790 --> 00:15:28,880
change and that's helping to does to

400
00:15:33,430 --> 00:15:30,800
allow the allow teams on the ground to

401
00:15:36,150 --> 00:15:33,440
design drugs to specifically target and

402
00:15:37,829 --> 00:15:36,160
combat salmonella poisoning for example

403
00:15:40,310 --> 00:15:37,839
it looks very promising that the same

404
00:15:43,990 --> 00:15:40,320
thing could be done for staph infections

405
00:15:46,790 --> 00:15:44,000
or methyl methicillin resistant staph

406
00:15:48,710 --> 00:15:46,800
and it's uh mrsa sometimes called so

407
00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:48,720
we're doing studies on that level as

408
00:15:51,829 --> 00:15:50,800
well and interestingly at the same time

409
00:15:54,310 --> 00:15:51,839
that some

410
00:15:55,350 --> 00:15:54,320
bacteria and microbes become more

411
00:15:56,470 --> 00:15:55,360
virulent

412
00:15:58,550 --> 00:15:56,480
the human

413
00:16:00,310 --> 00:15:58,560
body immune system actually gets

414
00:16:02,230 --> 00:16:00,320
suppressed to a certain degree so ours

415
00:16:03,910 --> 00:16:02,240
is not as effective up here thankfully

416
00:16:05,350 --> 00:16:03,920
thankfully we've all been pretty healthy

417
00:16:07,189 --> 00:16:05,360
and it hasn't been an issue but it's an

418
00:16:08,389 --> 00:16:07,199
interesting effect

419
00:16:11,269 --> 00:16:08,399
and we're back to

420
00:16:19,269 --> 00:16:13,269
captain burbank what is the typical day

421
00:16:23,030 --> 00:16:21,030
i think the typical day on iss is

422
00:16:25,189 --> 00:16:23,040
atypical there's really no such thing as

423
00:16:27,670 --> 00:16:25,199
a typical day and and that's actually

424
00:16:29,829 --> 00:16:27,680
one of the beauties of it it's um it's a

425
00:16:31,430 --> 00:16:29,839
delightful place to work every day is

426
00:16:33,269 --> 00:16:31,440
different every day is spectacular in

427
00:16:34,790 --> 00:16:33,279
its own right every day you have the

428
00:16:36,550 --> 00:16:34,800
opportunity to go to the window and look

429
00:16:39,430 --> 00:16:36,560
at this unbelievable planet from the

430
00:16:41,030 --> 00:16:39,440
vantage point of 240 miles above

431
00:16:42,949 --> 00:16:41,040
we get to do everything from spacewalks

432
00:16:45,189 --> 00:16:42,959
to robotics operations to science

433
00:16:47,350 --> 00:16:45,199
experiments to just living and being in

434
00:16:48,710 --> 00:16:47,360
space and it is one of the neatest parts

435
00:16:51,430 --> 00:16:48,720
but every day is different the

436
00:16:53,189 --> 00:16:51,440
opportunity to talk to great kids with

437
00:16:55,350 --> 00:16:53,199
phenomenal questions like you've got for

438
00:16:56,550 --> 00:16:55,360
example is a real treat that we

439
00:16:59,670 --> 00:16:56,560
occasionally

440
00:17:01,670 --> 00:16:59,680
are fortunate enough to have

441
00:17:04,390 --> 00:17:01,680
well no time for trips to taco bell and

442
00:17:06,710 --> 00:17:04,400
we're on to atlanta

443
00:17:09,829 --> 00:17:06,720
hello sir my name is brianna griffin

444
00:17:11,590 --> 00:17:09,839
yeah it's me roger ashley kylie sir in

445
00:17:14,069 --> 00:17:11,600
108 years we saw from the wright

446
00:17:15,990 --> 00:17:14,079
brothers first flight to the iss how

447
00:17:17,750 --> 00:17:16,000
long will it take to develop an aircraft

448
00:17:23,110 --> 00:17:17,760
that can travel at or near the speed of

449
00:17:27,029 --> 00:17:24,949
that's a good question you know some

450
00:17:29,669 --> 00:17:27,039
bicycle makers a little over 100 years

451
00:17:31,029 --> 00:17:29,679
ago made an airplane when uh most folks

452
00:17:32,549 --> 00:17:31,039
on planet earth didn't think that was

453
00:17:34,630 --> 00:17:32,559
ever possible

454
00:17:36,549 --> 00:17:34,640
i think a lot of folks on planet earth

455
00:17:37,350 --> 00:17:36,559
including some very educated ones think

456
00:17:41,990 --> 00:17:37,360
that

457
00:17:43,909 --> 00:17:42,000
to the speed of light is impossible so

458
00:17:45,669 --> 00:17:43,919
it's kind of hard to say at this stage

459
00:17:48,710 --> 00:17:45,679
to predict in the future i would say

460
00:17:49,590 --> 00:17:48,720
this though that the physics that made

461
00:17:52,310 --> 00:17:49,600
uh

462
00:17:55,350 --> 00:17:52,320
air you know airplane travel possible

463
00:17:57,110 --> 00:17:55,360
was relatively well known or at least it

464
00:18:00,070 --> 00:17:57,120
was the kinds of effects you know we

465
00:18:03,029 --> 00:18:00,080
could see how birds fly for example

466
00:18:04,230 --> 00:18:03,039
you know long before 1904

467
00:18:06,630 --> 00:18:04,240
it is

468
00:18:08,710 --> 00:18:06,640
another late many orders of magnitude

469
00:18:10,710 --> 00:18:08,720
more difficult to contemplate going to

470
00:18:12,710 --> 00:18:10,720
the speed of light there it is it's

471
00:18:14,950 --> 00:18:12,720
going to require an entirely different

472
00:18:16,870 --> 00:18:14,960
set of physics or entirely fundamentally

473
00:18:18,630 --> 00:18:16,880
different understanding of physics for

474
00:18:20,789 --> 00:18:18,640
us to get to that point i think it's a

475
00:18:22,230 --> 00:18:20,799
long ways out

476
00:18:24,070 --> 00:18:22,240
well unfortunately

477
00:18:25,590 --> 00:18:24,080
we're short of time there's a whole long

478
00:18:26,950 --> 00:18:25,600
list of questions

479
00:18:28,390 --> 00:18:26,960
captain burbank

480
00:18:29,830 --> 00:18:28,400
all the students who've asked questions

481
00:18:32,310 --> 00:18:29,840
who are listening who were waiting to

482
00:18:35,750 --> 00:18:32,320
ask questions thank you all for this

483
00:18:37,190 --> 00:18:35,760
great event uh dan uh and the crew have

484
00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:37,200
an incredible journey and we look

485
00:18:42,150 --> 00:18:39,760
forward to your return home on the 16th

486
00:18:43,830 --> 00:18:42,160
of march uh this is united states coast

487
00:18:46,870 --> 00:18:43,840
guard academy turning it back over to

488
00:18:50,950 --> 00:18:48,950
okay and uh and thanks again very much

489
00:18:52,070 --> 00:18:50,960
and i apologize for the for the folks

490
00:18:53,830 --> 00:18:52,080
that um

491
00:18:55,270 --> 00:18:53,840
we weren't able to ask their questions

492
00:18:57,430 --> 00:18:55,280
today these are great questions tough

493
00:18:58,710 --> 00:18:57,440
questions you had me sweating so i was

494
00:19:00,310 --> 00:18:58,720
probably a little more long-winded than

495
00:19:02,710 --> 00:19:00,320
i needed to be but i would just

496
00:19:04,470 --> 00:19:02,720
encourage you to uh to continue to

497
00:19:05,830 --> 00:19:04,480
pursue these kinds of interests this is

498
00:19:08,470 --> 00:19:05,840
the engine

499
00:19:10,549 --> 00:19:08,480
of our future it is the the ideas and

500
00:19:12,789 --> 00:19:10,559
the energy and the

501
00:19:14,870 --> 00:19:12,799
the the mental power that you have and

502
00:19:16,150 --> 00:19:14,880
you're already displaying so i think i

503
00:19:18,310 --> 00:19:16,160
think we've got a wonderfully bright

504
00:19:20,789 --> 00:19:18,320
future and we have a bright future like

505
00:19:23,029 --> 00:19:20,799
that because of kids like you so keep up

506
00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:23,039
the great work and down the road if

507
00:19:29,750 --> 00:19:24,640
you'd like we'd sure love to have you

508
00:19:34,870 --> 00:19:31,430
station this is houston acr that

509
00:19:38,710 --> 00:19:36,470
thank you united states coast guard